Using a knife, peel the 2 oranges, removing all the white pith. Cut between the membranes to release the segments into a bowl. Break segments into smaller pieces with your hands and set aside.
Combine the 1/3 cup white balsamic vinegar, 2 tablespoons fresh-squeezed lemon juice, 2 teaspoons smoked paprika, 1 packed teaspoon lemon zest, 1 clove minced garlic, 1 teaspoon kosher salt, and 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper in a medium bowl. Whisk in the 1/3 cup olive oil then add the orange pieces.
Bring a small saucepan of heavily salted water to a boil over high heat. Add asparagus and cook until tender, about 2 to 3 minutes. Drain and run under cold water to stop cooking. Arrange asparagus on a platter and spoon some of the orange vinaigrette over the top. Reserve remaining vinaigrette for the fish.