Combine 1 cup white wine vinegar, 1 cup white wine, 1 cup water, 1/2 cup sugar, 3 cardamom pods, 1 bay leaf, and 1/4 teaspoon fennel seeds in a small saucepan and place over medium heat. Stir until sugar is dissolved. Bring to a simmer and let cook until syrupy and reduced by two-thirds, about 40 minutes. Remove from heat and strain. Discard the spices.
In a medium saucepan, heat 1 tablespoon olive oil over medium heat. Add the 2 tablespoons onion, 2 tablespoons ginger, 2 tablespoons jalapeños, and 1 teaspoon garlic and 1/2 teaspoon salt. Cook until tender, then add the 4 cups diced tomatoes and the strained syrup. Season once again with another 1/2 teaspoon salt then bring to a simmer and let cook until thick enough to coat the back of a spoon, about 20-30 minutes. Add mustard and cayenne and cook about 5-10 minutes more.
Heat remaining oil in a medium frying pan over medium-high heat. Add peppers and season with the last 1/2 teaspoon salt. Cook until tender then add to chutney. Taste and add more salt if necessary. Blend if desired for a smoother consistency (let cool slightly first). Serve warm, room temperature or cold.
Storage: This chutney will keep in the refrigerator for up to a month in a sealed airtight container.